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General EE Utilities

DBM / WATTS / VOLTS CONVERTER

Convert between dBm, watts, and volts (RMS) for any impedance. Essential for RF, telecom, and signal-level work.

Convert between dBm, watts, and volts RMS for any impedance. Enter a value in any unit and instantly see all equivalent representations — including dBW, dBV, dBµV, peak voltage, and peak-to-peak voltage. Adjustable impedance for 50Ω, 75Ω, 300Ω, and custom values.

Convert From

Input Value

Conversion Results

dBm

0.000

Watts

1.0000 mW

VRMS

223.6068 mV

at Z = 50 Ω

dBW

-30.000

dBV

-13.010

dBµV

106.990

Vpeak

316.2278 mV

Vpeak-to-peak

632.4555 mV

Common RF Power Levels

Click a row to load the value into the converter.

LevelPowerVRMS (50Ω)Description
+60 dBm1.000 kW223.60680 V1 kW — High-power broadcast transmitter
+50 dBm100.0000 W70.71068 V100 W — Amateur radio HF transmitter
+40 dBm10.0000 W22.36068 V10 W — Typical handheld radio
+30 dBm1.0000 W7.07107 V1 W — 0 dBW reference
+20 dBm100.0000 mW2.23607 V100 mW — Max Wi-Fi transmit (US)
+10 dBm10.0000 mW707.1068 mV10 mW — Bluetooth Class 1
0 dBm1.0000 mW223.6068 mV1 mW — dBm reference point
−10 dBm100.000 µW70.7107 mV100 µW — Strong received signal
−30 dBm1.000 µW7.0711 mV1 µW — Typical wireless signal
−50 dBm10.000 nW707.107 µV10 nW — Good Wi-Fi signal
−70 dBm100.000 pW70.711 µV100 pW — Weak Wi-Fi signal
−90 dBm1.000 pW7.071 µV1 pW — Minimum usable Wi-Fi
−110 dBm1.000e-14 W707.107 nV0.01 pW — GPS signal at receiver
−174 dBm3.981e-21 W4.462e-10 VThermal noise floor (1 Hz BW, 290K)

Formulas Used

The converter keeps all power, voltage, and logarithmic units synchronized from one source input.

\[P(W) = 10^{\left(\frac{dBm}{10}\right)} \times 10^{-3}\]

\[dBm = 10 \log_{10}\left(\frac{P}{10^{-3}}\right)\]

\[V_{RMS} = \sqrt{(PZ)}\]

\[P = \frac{V_{RMS}^2}{Z}\]

\[dBW = dBm - 30,\; dBV = 20\log_{10}(V_{RMS}),\; dB\mu V = dBV + 120\]

\[V_{peak} = \sqrt{(2)}\,V_{RMS},\; V_{pp} = 2V_{peak}\]

Z is system impedance in ohms. Voltage conversions assume a sinusoidal waveform and matched impedance.

Understanding dBm, Watts, and Volts

dBm (decibels relative to 1 milliwatt) is the standard unit for expressing power levels in RF engineering, telecommunications, and signal processing. Unlike linear units, dBm uses a logarithmic scale that compresses the enormous dynamic range of real-world signals into manageable numbers. A typical wireless system might deal with signals ranging from −174 dBm (thermal noise floor) to +60 dBm (1 kW transmitter) — a ratio of over 1023 that would be unwieldy in linear units.

Converting between dBm and watts is straightforward: 0 dBm equals 1 milliwatt, and every 10 dB increase represents a 10× increase in power. So +10 dBm = 10 mW, +20 dBm = 100 mW, +30 dBm = 1 W, and so on. Going the other direction, −10 dBm = 100 µW, −20 dBm = 10 µW. A useful shortcut: +3 dB doubles the power, −3 dB halves it.

Voltage conversion requires knowing the system impedance. In RF systems, 50Ω is standard for most test equipment and coaxial cables. Video and cable TV systems typically use 75Ω. Audio systems may use 600Ω. The relationship is VRMS = √(P × Z), where P is in watts and Z is the impedance in ohms.

For aerospace and defense RF systems, accurate power level calculations are critical for link budget analysis, receiver sensitivity specifications, and EMI/EMC compliance testing. Calpak USA's engineering team has experience with military-grade RF and mixed-signal designs. Contact us for design support.

Quick Reference: dB Rules of Thumb

Change (dB)Power RatioVoltage Ratio
+3 dB× 2× 1.414
+6 dB× 4× 2
+10 dB× 10× 3.162
+20 dB× 100× 10
−3 dB× 0.5× 0.707
−10 dB× 0.1× 0.316
−20 dB× 0.01× 0.1

Remember: dB is a ratio. +3 dB always doubles power regardless of the starting level. For voltage, +6 dB doubles the amplitude (since power is proportional to V²).

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